I struggled with this for a while, especially since my stream deck is a newer model with knobs and a touchscreen (streamdeck+) so most of the software I tried doesn’t fully support it. Here is some of the software I have tried:
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Boatswain -gnome themed, didn’t really like it as it has no knob or touchscreen support (yet), and I don’t think it could run shell commands although I could be mistaken
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Stream Controller - another gnome themed app and still doesnt fully support the stream deck plus
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Streamdeck-ui - a qt app which can do some simple things like triggering keypresses and running shell commands, I used this for a while
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Bitfocus Companion - a cross platform app with a web interface with lots of integrations; I’ve been using this as it fully supports my stream deck, knobs and all, as well as offering a lot of customisation with expressions and variables. I haven’t been able to get the discord integration to work correctly (at least with vesktop), but it works perfectly to control my media player, home assistant and mic. I even got it to display my now playing song and cover art, which I couldn’t figure out on windows with elgato’s official software.
If you’ve tried any of these and it wasn’t working, it could be an issue with udev rules, if these aren’t configured the software cannot interact with the device.
playerctl can list and control (most) media players individually, and would be suitable for writing a script with. In terms of rebinding keys you might be able to set them to run shell commands using global shortcuts in KDE system settings, although I’m not at my computer right now to test it.